Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a process used to create thin films of material on surfaces. In this technique, solid materials are vaporized in a vacuum and then deposited onto a substrate, forming a thin layer. This method is commonly used in industries like electronics and optics to enhance the properties of surfaces, such as making them more durable or improving their appearance. One popular application of PVD is in the production of coatings for tools and machinery. By applying a hard, wear-resistant layer, manufacturers can extend the life of their products. Additionally, PVD is used to create decorative finishes on items like jewelry and watches, giving them a shiny and attractive look.