Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators. They are essential in modern electronics, forming the backbone of devices like transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. Their unique properties allow them to control electrical current, making them vital for everything from computers to smartphones. The most common semiconductor material is silicon, which is widely used in the manufacturing of electronic components. The ability to manipulate their conductivity through doping with other elements enables the creation of various electronic devices. This versatility has made semiconductors a cornerstone of the technology industry.