The Dutch Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, existed from 1581 to 1795. It emerged during the Eighty Years' War against Spanish rule and became a major economic and maritime power in Europe. The republic was known for its innovative trade practices and a strong navy, which helped establish a global trading network. The government of the Dutch Republic was unique, characterized by a decentralized system where local provinces held significant power. Key cities like Amsterdam and Rotterdam thrived as commercial hubs, while the republic was also a center for art and culture, producing famous artists such as Rembrandt and Vermeer.