Music history traces the development of music from ancient times to the present. Early music, such as that from the Ancient Greeks and Romans, laid the foundation for later styles. The Middle Ages saw the rise of sacred music, while the Renaissance introduced more complex harmonies and secular themes. The Baroque period brought about the birth of opera and instrumental music, followed by the Classical era, which emphasized clarity and balance. The Romantic period expanded emotional expression, leading to diverse genres in the 20th century, including jazz, rock, and pop, reflecting cultural changes and technological advancements.