The Ancient Greeks were a civilization that thrived from around the 8th century BCE to the end of antiquity. They are known for their contributions to art, philosophy, and politics, laying the groundwork for Western culture. Key city-states included Athens, known for its democracy, and Sparta, famous for its military prowess. The Ancient Greeks made significant advancements in various fields, including mathematics, science, and theater. Notable figures such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle shaped philosophical thought, while playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides influenced literature. Their legacy continues to impact modern society.