Hemoglobin E is a variant of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. It is caused by a genetic mutation in the HBB gene, which affects the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin. This variant is most commonly found in people of Southeast Asian descent and can lead to mild anemia in some individuals. While many people with hemoglobin E do not experience significant health issues, it can sometimes combine with other hemoglobin disorders, such as sickle cell disease or thalassemia, leading to more severe complications. Screening for hemoglobin E is important for early diagnosis and management.