Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. People with thalassemia may have fewer red blood cells or abnormal hemoglobin, leading to anemia, fatigue, and other health issues. This condition is inherited, meaning it can be passed down from parents to their children. There are different types of thalassemia, including alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia, which vary in severity. Treatment options may include regular blood transfusions, medications, and in some cases, a bone marrow transplant. Early diagnosis and management can help improve the quality of life for those affected.