Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the body's ability to produce hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. People with thalassemia may experience symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and pale skin due to a lack of healthy red blood cells. This condition is inherited, meaning it can be passed down from parents to their children. There are different types of thalassemia, including alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia, which vary in severity. Treatment options may include regular blood transfusions, medication, and in some cases, a bone marrow transplant. Early diagnosis and management can help improve the quality of life for those affected.