Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins produced by certain molds, particularly Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum. These toxins commonly contaminate crops, especially maize (corn), and can pose health risks to both humans and animals when ingested. Exposure to fumonisins has been linked to various health issues, including esophageal cancer and neural tube defects in humans. In animals, they can cause diseases such as equine leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary edema in pigs. Monitoring and controlling fumonisin levels in food and feed are essential for public health and safety.