Diuretics are medications that help the body eliminate excess fluid by increasing urine production. They are often prescribed for conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, and edema, which is swelling caused by fluid retention. By promoting the excretion of sodium and water, diuretics can help reduce blood volume and lower blood pressure. There are different types of diuretics, including thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Each type works in a specific way and may have different effects on electrolyte levels in the body. It is important for individuals using diuretics to follow their healthcare provider's instructions and monitor for potential side effects.