Cognitivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the role of mental processes in understanding how people learn. It suggests that learners actively process information, using their cognitive abilities to organize, store, and retrieve knowledge. This approach contrasts with behaviorism, which focuses primarily on observable behaviors rather than internal thought processes. In cognitivism, concepts such as schemas, information processing, and metacognition are important. Schemas are mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information. Metacognition refers to the awareness and regulation of one's own learning processes, allowing learners to evaluate their understanding and adjust their strategies accordingly.