Schemas are mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information. They act like frameworks or blueprints, allowing people to categorize experiences and understand new information based on existing knowledge. For example, a child may have a schema for a dog that includes characteristics like four legs, fur, and barking. When encountering a new animal, such as a cat, the child may initially apply their dog schema. However, as they learn more about cats, they can adjust their schema to accommodate the new information, distinguishing between the two animals. This process of adapting schemas is essential for learning and cognitive development.