Alpha thalassemia is a blood disorder caused by a genetic mutation that affects the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. It occurs when one or more of the four alpha globin genes are missing or mutated, leading to reduced hemoglobin levels. This can result in mild to severe anemia, depending on how many genes are affected. Symptoms of alpha thalassemia may include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure hemoglobin levels and genetic testing. Treatment options vary based on severity and may include regular blood transfusions or iron supplements.