Beta Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen. Individuals with this condition have reduced levels of beta-globin chains, which can lead to anemia, fatigue, and other health issues. The severity of symptoms varies depending on whether a person has the mild form, Beta Thalassemia Minor, or the more severe form, Beta Thalassemia Major. This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning a child must receive two copies of the mutated gene—one from each parent—to develop the severe form. Treatment options include regular blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and in some cases, a bone marrow transplant. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving quality of life.