Hemoglobinopathy refers to a group of inherited blood disorders that affect the structure or production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. These conditions can lead to various health issues, including anemia, fatigue, and pain. The most common types of hemoglobinopathies are sickle cell disease and thalassemia. People with hemoglobinopathies may experience symptoms that vary in severity, depending on the specific disorder and its impact on hemoglobin function. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving quality of life and preventing complications. Treatments may include blood transfusions, medications, and lifestyle changes.