Alpha globin is a type of protein that is part of the hemoglobin molecule, which is essential for transporting oxygen in the blood. It is produced in the bone marrow and combines with beta globin to form the functional hemoglobin protein. Mutations in the alpha globin gene can lead to disorders such as alpha thalassemia, which affects the production of hemoglobin and can result in anemia. Understanding alpha globin is important for diagnosing and managing these blood disorders effectively.