The Witwatersrand Basin is a geological formation located in South Africa, primarily known for its rich deposits of gold. This basin is approximately 6,000 square kilometers in size and is situated in the northeastern part of the country. It was formed over 2 billion years ago and contains some of the world's largest gold reserves, which have significantly contributed to South Africa's economy. The discovery of gold in the Witwatersrand Basin in the late 19th century led to the Gold Rush and the establishment of cities like Johannesburg. Mining activities in the basin have shaped the region's development and infrastructure, making it a key area for both mining and urban growth in South Africa.