The Welsh Wars refer to a series of conflicts in the 13th century between the Kingdom of Wales and the Kingdom of England. These wars were primarily driven by the desire of Welsh leaders, such as Llywelyn the Great and later Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, to maintain their independence from English rule. The conflicts were marked by battles, shifting alliances, and the struggle for control over Welsh territories. The most significant of these conflicts culminated in the Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England, who sought to unify the region under his crown. The wars ultimately led to the annexation of Wales in 1536, establishing it as a part of the Kingdom of England and significantly altering its political landscape.