Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, also known as Llywelyn the Last, was a prominent Welsh prince who ruled from 1258 until his death in 1282. He was a key figure in the struggle for Welsh independence against English rule, uniting various Welsh factions under his leadership. His reign marked a significant period in Welsh history, as he sought to establish a sovereign Wales. Llywelyn's efforts to resist English domination led to conflicts with the English crown, particularly with King Edward I. His resistance ultimately ended with his defeat and death in 1282, which resulted in the annexation of Wales into the English kingdom. His legacy remains a symbol of Welsh nationalism.