Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken in Pakistan and India. It is the national language of Pakistan and serves as a lingua franca among diverse linguistic communities in India. Urdu is written in a modified form of the Perso-Arabic script and shares a significant amount of vocabulary with Persian and Arabic. The language has a rich literary tradition, with notable poets like Mirza Ghalib and Allama Iqbal. Urdu is known for its poetic expressions and is often associated with ghazals, a form of lyrical poetry. It plays a vital role in the cultural identity of its speakers.