The Third Triumvirate refers to the political alliance formed in 43 BCE between three prominent Roman leaders: Mark Antony, Octavian (later known as Augustus), and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. This coalition was established to consolidate power and avenge the assassination of Julius Caesar. They divided the Roman territories among themselves and sought to eliminate their enemies. The alliance, however, was fraught with tension and conflict. Over time, Lepidus was sidelined, and a power struggle emerged between Antony and Octavian. This rivalry ultimately led to the decisive battle of Actium in 31 BCE, resulting in Octavian's victory and the end of the Roman Republic.