Augustus, born Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He transformed the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire, establishing a period of peace known as the Pax Romana. His reign marked significant advancements in architecture, culture, and governance. As a skilled politician and military leader, Augustus implemented reforms that strengthened the empire. He expanded its borders and initiated a series of building projects, including the famous Pantheon. His legacy endures, influencing future leaders and shaping the course of Western civilization.