The Second Triumvirate was a political alliance formed in 43 BCE between three powerful Roman leaders: Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. This coalition was established to defeat the assassins of Julius Caesar and restore order to the Roman Republic after Caesar's assassination in 44 BCE. The triumvirs were granted extraordinary powers, allowing them to make laws and appoint officials without the Senate's approval. The alliance was marked by significant military campaigns and political maneuvering. However, tensions arose between Octavian and Mark Antony, particularly after Antony's relationship with Cleopatra. This rivalry ultimately led to a civil war, culminating in the decisive Battle of Actium in 31 BCE, which resulted in Octavian's victory and the end of the Roman Republic.