Theories of translation explore how texts are converted from one language to another while maintaining meaning and context. Key approaches include equivalence, which focuses on preserving the original message, and dynamic equivalence, which emphasizes conveying the same effect on the target audience. Another important theory is skopos theory, which suggests that the purpose of the translation should guide the process. Additionally, cultural translation highlights the need to consider cultural differences, ensuring that the translated text resonates with the new audience while remaining faithful to the source material.