The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of conflicts fought between Scotland and England during the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The wars began in 1296 when King Edward I of England invaded Scotland, aiming to assert control over the region. Key battles included the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, where William Wallace led the Scots to a significant victory, and the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, which solidified Scotland's resistance. The wars ultimately led to the recognition of Scotland's independence with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. Robert the Bruce, a prominent Scottish leader, played a crucial role in these conflicts, becoming king and uniting the Scots against English rule. The wars were pivotal in shaping Scotland's national identity and its quest for sovereignty.