The Tai Ping Rebellion was a massive civil war in southern China that lasted from 1850 to 1864. It was led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the brother of Jesus Christ and sought to establish a new kingdom based on his interpretation of Christianity. The rebellion aimed to overthrow the ruling Qing Dynasty and address widespread social issues, including poverty and corruption. The conflict resulted in one of the deadliest wars in history, with estimates of casualties ranging from 20 to 30 million people. The Qing Dynasty eventually suppressed the rebellion with the help of foreign powers, but the war significantly weakened the dynasty and contributed to its eventual decline.