The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. Established by the Manchu people, it expanded China's territory and influence, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The dynasty is known for its rich cultural achievements and complex social structure. During its reign, the Qing Dynasty faced numerous challenges, including internal strife and foreign invasions. The Opium Wars and the Taiping Rebellion were significant events that weakened the dynasty, ultimately leading to its fall and the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.