Syria, officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country located in the Middle East. It shares borders with Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. The capital city is Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Syria has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, deserts, and fertile plains. The country has a rich history, with ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians and Arameans having thrived in the region. In recent years, Syria has faced significant challenges, including a devastating civil war that began in 2011, leading to a humanitarian crisis and widespread displacement of its population.