Stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, refers to the formation of solid mineral deposits, or stones, in the urinary tract. These stones can develop in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra and vary in size. Common types include calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones. Symptoms may include severe pain, blood in urine, and frequent urination. The exact cause of stone disease can vary, but it often results from factors like dehydration, dietary choices, and certain medical conditions. Treatment options include increased fluid intake, medications, and in some cases, procedures like lithotripsy to break up larger stones.