Lithotripsy is a medical procedure used to break down kidney stones into smaller pieces, making them easier to pass through the urinary tract. This technique typically uses shock waves, which are focused on the stones from outside the body. The procedure is non-invasive and usually performed on an outpatient basis. There are different types of lithotripsy, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and laser lithotripsy. ESWL is the most common method, while laser lithotripsy uses a laser to fragment the stones. Both methods aim to relieve pain and prevent complications associated with kidney stones.