Urolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of stones, or calculi, in the urinary tract. These stones can develop in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra and are often composed of minerals and salts. Symptoms may include severe pain, blood in urine, and frequent urination. The formation of these stones can be influenced by various factors, including dehydration, diet, and certain medical conditions. Treatment options vary depending on the size and location of the stones and may include increased fluid intake, medication, or procedures like lithotripsy to break up the stones.