Sterilization devices are tools used to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from surfaces and equipment. Common types include autoclaves, which use steam under pressure, and dry heat sterilizers, which use hot air. These devices are essential in medical, laboratory, and food preparation settings to ensure safety and prevent infections. In addition to autoclaves and dry heat sterilizers, other sterilization methods include chemical sterilizers, which use gases or liquids, and radiation sterilizers, which use ultraviolet light or gamma rays. Each method has specific applications and effectiveness, depending on the materials being sterilized and the desired outcome.