Chemical sterilizers are substances used to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from surfaces and equipment. They are commonly used in healthcare settings, laboratories, and food processing to ensure a sterile environment. These sterilizers can come in various forms, such as liquids, gases, or vapors, and often contain active ingredients like ethylene oxide or hydrogen peroxide. The effectiveness of chemical sterilizers depends on factors like concentration, exposure time, and temperature. Proper use and handling are crucial to ensure safety and efficacy. Additionally, chemical sterilizers are often used in conjunction with other sterilization methods, such as autoclaving, to achieve optimal results.