Spondylolisthesis is a condition where one of the bones in the spine, called a vertebra, slips out of its proper position and onto the bone below it. This misalignment can occur in any part of the spine but is most common in the lower back. It can lead to pain, stiffness, and sometimes nerve compression, which may cause additional symptoms like numbness or weakness in the legs. The condition can result from various factors, including degenerative changes due to aging, congenital defects, or injuries. Treatment options range from physical therapy and pain management to surgery in severe cases, depending on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced.