Congenital defects are health conditions that are present at birth. They can affect various parts of the body, including the heart, brain, and limbs. These defects can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Some common examples include spina bifida, cleft lip, and Down syndrome. The causes of congenital defects can vary widely. Some may occur due to inherited genetic mutations, while others may arise from exposure to certain substances during pregnancy, such as alcohol or certain medications. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage many congenital defects, improving the quality of life for affected individuals.