Saxe-Gotha was a historical principality located in what is now central Germany. It was part of the larger region of Saxony and was established in the early 17th century. The principality was known for its cultural contributions and was ruled by the House of Saxe-Gotha, which played a significant role in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1826, Saxe-Gotha was merged with the neighboring principality of Saxe-Altenburg to form the new state of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. This merger was part of a broader trend of consolidation among the smaller German states during the 19th century, leading to the eventual unification of Germany in 1871.