The Duke of Saxe-Gotha was a title held by rulers of the small German principality of Saxe-Gotha, part of the larger region of Saxony. The most notable duke was Ernst I, who reigned from 1640 to 1675 and is known for his efforts in promoting education and culture in the region. The duchy was known for its contributions to the arts and sciences during the Enlightenment. The title of Duke of Saxe-Gotha eventually became part of the larger Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg after a merger in 1826. The dukes played a significant role in the political landscape of Germany during their time, influencing both local governance and broader regional affairs.