Germany is made up of 16 federal states, known as Bundesländer. Each state has its own government and constitution, allowing for a degree of autonomy in local matters. The states vary in size, population, and cultural identity, contributing to the rich diversity of the country. The largest state by area is Bavaria, while North Rhine-Westphalia has the highest population. Other notable states include Berlin, the capital, and Saxony, known for its historical significance. Together, these states form the Federal Republic of Germany, working in conjunction with the national government.