Retinal surgery is a medical procedure aimed at treating various conditions affecting the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Common reasons for this surgery include retinal detachment, macular hole, and diabetic retinopathy. The goal is to restore or preserve vision by repairing or removing damaged tissue. There are different types of retinal surgeries, including vitrectomy, where the vitreous gel is removed to access the retina, and laser surgery, which uses focused light to treat specific areas. These procedures are typically performed by a retina specialist and may require anesthesia for patient comfort.