Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the vitreous gel from the eye. The vitreous gel is a clear substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina. This surgery is often performed to treat various eye conditions, such as retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, or macular holes, which can affect vision. During the procedure, an eye surgeon makes small incisions in the eye and uses special instruments to remove the vitreous gel. After the gel is removed, the surgeon may replace it with a saline solution or gas bubble to help the retina stay in place. Vitrectomy can improve vision and prevent further complications in many patients.