Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders and diseases. Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in eye care, performing eye exams, prescribing glasses or contact lenses, and conducting surgeries for conditions like cataracts and glaucoma. They also manage diseases that affect the eye, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. In addition to treating eye conditions, ophthalmology encompasses various subspecialties, including pediatric ophthalmology, which deals with eye issues in children, and retina specialists, who focus on diseases affecting the retina. This field plays a crucial role in preserving vision and improving the quality of life for patients with eye-related problems.