The Ptolemaic Queens were the female rulers of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in ancient Egypt, which lasted from 305 to 30 BCE. This dynasty was founded by Ptolemy I Soter, a general of Alexander the Great. The queens often held significant power, sometimes ruling alongside their husbands or sons, and were known for their political acumen and influence. Notable Ptolemaic Queens include Cleopatra VII, who is famous for her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Other queens, like Berenice II and Arsinoe II, also played crucial roles in the kingdom's politics and culture, often promoting the worship of deities and enhancing their own status through marriage alliances.