Proppants are materials used in hydraulic fracturing, a technique employed in the extraction of oil and natural gas. They help keep fractures in rock formations open, allowing hydrocarbons to flow more freely. Common proppants include sand, ceramic beads, and resin-coated materials, each chosen for their strength and durability. The use of proppants is essential in enhancing the efficiency of fracking operations. By maintaining the integrity of the fractures created during the process, proppants contribute to increased production rates and improved recovery of resources from underground reservoirs.