Materials are the substances used to create objects, structures, and systems. They can be classified into categories such as metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites, each with unique properties and applications. Understanding materials is crucial for engineers and designers to select the right type for their projects, ensuring durability and functionality. The study of materials involves examining their physical and chemical properties, which can influence their performance in various environments. Innovations in materials science lead to the development of new materials, such as lightweight composites used in aerospace, or smart materials that respond to environmental changes, enhancing technology and sustainability.