The Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir was a region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, ruled by a Maharaja during the British colonial period. It was established in the mid-19th century and included diverse geographical features, from mountains to valleys. The state was known for its rich culture, beautiful landscapes, and significant historical importance. In 1947, when British India was partitioned into India and Pakistan, the Maharaja faced a dilemma over joining either nation. After a tribal invasion from Pakistan, he chose to accede to India, leading to ongoing territorial disputes and conflicts involving India and Pakistan over the region.