Petrophysics is the study of the physical and chemical properties of rocks and their interactions with fluids. It plays a crucial role in understanding subsurface materials, particularly in the fields of geology, petroleum engineering, and environmental science. By analyzing rock samples, petrophysicists can determine characteristics such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation, which are essential for resource exploration and extraction. This discipline combines principles from geology, physics, and engineering to assess how rocks behave under various conditions. Petrophysical data helps in evaluating reservoirs for oil and gas, as well as in groundwater studies and environmental assessments, ensuring efficient resource management and sustainable practices.