Periodization is a training concept used in sports and fitness that involves dividing a training program into distinct phases. Each phase focuses on specific goals, such as building strength, endurance, or skill. This structured approach helps athletes optimize their performance and avoid plateaus by varying the intensity and volume of their workouts over time. Typically, a periodized program includes three main phases: macrocycle, mesocycle, and microcycle. The macrocycle is the overall training plan, often spanning a year, while the mesocycle breaks it down into smaller segments, usually lasting several weeks. Finally, the microcycle consists of individual workouts within the mesocycle, allowing for detailed planning and recovery.