NLRP3 is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is part of a group of proteins known as NOD-like receptors, which help detect harmful substances like pathogens and cellular damage. When activated, NLRP3 triggers an inflammatory response, leading to the production of cytokines that help fight infections and promote healing. However, excessive activation of NLRP3 can contribute to various inflammatory diseases, such as gout, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Researchers are studying NLRP3 to better understand its role in these conditions and to develop potential therapies that can modulate its activity for improved health outcomes.