The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were a series of constitutional changes introduced in British India in 1919. Named after Edwin Montagu and Lord Chelmsford, these reforms aimed to increase Indian participation in governance. They established a system of diarchy, where certain subjects were transferred to Indian ministers while others remained under British control. The reforms also expanded the legislative councils at both the central and provincial levels, allowing for more Indian representatives. However, the changes were seen as limited and did not satisfy many Indian leaders, leading to further demands for self-governance and ultimately contributing to the independence movement.