Medieval Portugal, emerging in the 12th century, was shaped by the Reconquista, a series of campaigns to reclaim territory from the Moors. The Kingdom of Portugal was officially established in 1139, with Afonso I as its first king. The region's economy relied on agriculture, trade, and the production of textiles, while its culture was influenced by both Christian and Islamic traditions. During this period, Portugal expanded its territory through military conquests and strategic marriages. The Order of Christ, a military and religious order, played a significant role in exploration and the eventual Age of Discoveries. By the late medieval era, Portugal was becoming a prominent maritime power.